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PCI passthrough allows you to give control of physical devices to guests: that is, you can use PCI passthrough to assign a PCI device (NIC, disk controller, HBA, USB controller, firewire controller, soundcard, etc) to a virtual machine guest, giving it full and direct access to the PCI device. This has several potential uses, including the following: • One of the major overheads of virtual networking is the unavoidable overhead of copying; passing through a network card directly completely avoids this overhead. • Passing through graphics cards to guests allows them full access to the 3D acceleration capabilities. This can be useful not only for desktops, but also to enable for high-end CAD users, for example. • You can set up a, which can increase both security and reliability of your system. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Overview of passthrough PCI devices are specified.

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You can determine the BDF for the device by running lspci in domain 0. Domain 0 has responsibility for all devices on the system. Normally, as it discovers PCI devices, it passes those to drivers within the Linux kernel. In order for a device to be accessed by a guest, the device must instead be assigned to a special domain 0 driver. This driver is called xen-pciback in pvops kernels, and called pciback in classic kernels.

Download Free Applied Linear Algebra Olver Shakiban Pdf on this page. PV guests access the device via a kernel driver in the guest called xen-pcifront (pcifront in classic xen kernels), which connects to pciback. HVM guests see the device on the emulated PCI bus presented by QEMU. Download Xforce Keygen Ecotect.

Guests are allowed to set up DMA for devices, but access to the PCI configuration space must be arbitrated for security reasons. For HVM guests, this is done by qemu. For PV guests, this is done by the pciback driver in dom0.

Normally devices are allowed to do DMA to and from any part of the host's physical memory. This presents two problems. First, it is a potential reliability or security issue: a guest with a buggy driver could accidentaly overwrite some of Xen's memory; a guest controlled by an attacker could read and write memory of other guests. Secondly, the guest's idea of the memory layout is virtualized, but the device's idea isn't. PV guests can overcome this because they can 'look behind' the virtualized memory layout; but HVM guests cannot. The solution to both of these is called an IOMMU.

(The Intel name for the IOMMU functionality is VT-d; this document will use IOMMU to refer to both the AMD and Intel feature.) The IOMMU allows Xen to limit what memory a device is allowed to access. It also allows Xen to give the device the same virtualized memory layout that the guest sees. This solves both the security problem and the memory virtualization problem. (Note that IOMMU/VT-d support is not the same as HVM support; it is possible to have HVM support without an IOMMU, or vice versa.) For these reasons, it is highly recommended to use passthrough only on systems that have an IOMMU.